ECHOCARDIOGRAM AND CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION


Scenario: Ron's transfer to CCU is in progress. The cardiologist in CCU (Coronary Care Unit) ordered an echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization.

How is an echocardiogram performed?
An echocardiogram is performed using ultrasound. It can provide information such as heart valve disease, blood clots, and more. The ejection fraction (the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each time the heart contracts) is also measured. There are different types of echocardiograms.

What are the different types of echocardiograms?
The one described above is the standard kind. The Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) is done using the esophageal approach. Dopamine stress echocardiogram is yet another type which may be done.

How is cardiac catheterization performed?
Cardiac catheterization is a valuable diagnostic tool. It is performed in a special laboratory. A small catheter  is inserted into the heart via the arm or groin. It is an invasive procedure and is done under fluroscopy. Contrast dye may be used. Sedation is given prior. The vital signs and oxygen saturation are documented before, during, and after. A consent is needed from patient or guardian.

Why is cardiac catheterization performed?
The test helps to determine conditions such as obstruction to blood flow, heart pressures, and more.

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